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eBook details

• Title: Type I Diabetes (Beckman Conference)
• Author : Clinical Chemistry
• Release Date : January 01, 1999
• Genre: Chemistry,Books,Science & Nature,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 187 KB

Description

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders, all characterized by increased plasma glucose. In the majority of patients with diabetes, the etiology of the disease is not understood. Expert panels have recommended one set of criteria for diagnosis and another set for classification (1, 2). The criteria serve two purposes. One is to secure optimal treatment of the patient. The other is to support research aimed at understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes syndromes. Recently, new guidelines (Table 1) have been suggested for the concentrations of blood glucose to be used to diagnose diabetes (3). Normal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [1] is 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL). Impaired fasting glucose is 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) and 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/ dL). Provisional diagnosis of diabetes is made at a FPG 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). It is recommended that the test is repeated on a different day for the final diagnosis of diabetes. Many recent investigations, therefore, support the view the diabetes mellitus syndrome is very heterogeneous. The most common type of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. The etiology is still unclear. The major recent advances in understanding the etiology of diabetes have come from genetic investigations of monogenic types of diabetes, most prominently the primary genetic diabetes classified as MODY 1-5 (4-6). Gestational diabetes is still a major problem affecting ~4% of all pregnancies. Mothers with gestational diabetes have a markedly increased risk of developing postpartum diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is the most severe type of diabetes, leading to life-long dependency on daily insulin injections. In adults, type 1 may often masquerade as type 2 diabetes (7, 8). Diabetes is sufficiently common that it is possible that the genetic risk for one type may contribute to the risk of developing another type of diabetes. The importance of modifying factors is again exemplified by patients, often referred to as having latent autoimmune diabetes in the adult, who seem to have a slow-onset type 1 autoimmune diabetes.

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